2 Kings 23:19

Authorized King James Version

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And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth-el.

Original Language Analysis

וְגַם֩ H1571
וְגַם֩
Strong's: H1571
Word #: 1 of 23
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 2 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 3 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
בָּתֵּ֨י And all the houses H1004
בָּתֵּ֨י And all the houses
Strong's: H1004
Word #: 4 of 23
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הַבָּמ֜וֹת also of the high places H1116
הַבָּמ֜וֹת also of the high places
Strong's: H1116
Word #: 5 of 23
an elevation
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀ H834
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀
Strong's: H834
Word #: 6 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
בְּעָרֵ֣י that were in the cities H5892
בְּעָרֵ֣י that were in the cities
Strong's: H5892
Word #: 7 of 23
a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)
שֹֽׁמְר֗וֹן of Samaria H8111
שֹֽׁמְר֗וֹן of Samaria
Strong's: H8111
Word #: 8 of 23
shomeron, a place in palestine
אֲשֶׁ֨ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשָׂ֖ה and did H6213
עָשָׂ֖ה and did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 10 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
מַלְכֵ֤י which the kings H4428
מַלְכֵ֤י which the kings
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 11 of 23
a king
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel H3478
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ of Israel
Strong's: H3478
Word #: 12 of 23
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
לְהַכְעִ֔יס to provoke the LORD to anger H3707
לְהַכְעִ֔יס to provoke the LORD to anger
Strong's: H3707
Word #: 13 of 23
to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant
הֵסִ֖יר took away H5493
הֵסִ֖יר took away
Strong's: H5493
Word #: 14 of 23
to turn off (literally or figuratively)
יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ Josiah H2977
יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ Josiah
Strong's: H2977
Word #: 15 of 23
joshijah, the name of two israelites
עָשָׂ֖ה and did H6213
עָשָׂ֖ה and did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 16 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
לָהֶ֔ם H1992
לָהֶ֔ם
Strong's: H1992
Word #: 17 of 23
they (only used when emphatic)
כְּכָל H3605
כְּכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 18 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים to them according to all the acts H4639
הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים to them according to all the acts
Strong's: H4639
Word #: 19 of 23
an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property
אֲשֶׁ֥ר H834
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 20 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשָׂ֖ה and did H6213
עָשָׂ֖ה and did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 21 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
בְּבֵֽית H0
בְּבֵֽית
Strong's: H0
Word #: 22 of 23
אֵֽל׃ in Bethel H1008
אֵֽל׃ in Bethel
Strong's: H1008
Word #: 23 of 23
beth-el, a place in palestine

Analysis & Commentary

And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth-el.

This verse contributes to the overall theme of chapter 23: Comprehensive reformation cannot avert certain judgment. The divine name emphasizes Yahweh's covenant relationship with Israel and His sovereign control over historical events. The reference to kingship reminds readers that all human authority is subordinate to God's ultimate kingship. In Judah's later history, we see both genuine reforms and deep-rooted corruption, revealing that external religious activity cannot substitute for heart transformation.

The narrative demonstrates God's justice in judging covenant unfaithfulness while maintaining His ultimate purposes for redemption.

Historical Context

Historical Setting: 2 Kings 23 takes place during the final century of Judah's existence, 7th century BCE, including Manasseh and Josiah's reigns. The chapter's theme (Josiah's Thorough Reforms) reflects the historical reality of the worst apostasy under Manasseh followed by the most thorough reforms under Josiah, demonstrating that external righteousness cannot reverse God's determined judgment. Archaeological evidence from this period includes royal inscriptions, administrative documents, and material culture that corroborate the biblical account while providing additional context for understanding the political and social dynamics at work.

Questions for Reflection

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