2 Kings 23:19

Authorized King James Version

And all the houses also of the high places that were in the cities of Samaria, which the kings of Israel had made to provoke the LORD to anger, Josiah took away, and did to them according to all the acts that he had done in Beth-el.

Word-by-Word Analysis

וְגַם֩

H1571

properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

כָּל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

בָּתֵּ֨י

H1004

And all the houses

a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)

הַבָּמ֜וֹת

H1116

also of the high places

an elevation

אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

בְּעָרֵ֣י

H5892

that were in the cities

a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)

שֹֽׁמְר֗וֹן

H8111

of Samaria

shomeron, a place in palestine

אֲשֶׁ֨ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#10

עָשָׂ֖ה

H6213

and did

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

#11

מַלְכֵ֤י

H4428

which the kings

a king

#12

יִשְׂרָאֵל֙

H3478

of Israel

he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity

#13

לְהַכְעִ֔יס

H3707

to provoke the LORD to anger

to trouble; by implication, to grieve, rage, be indignant

#14

הֵסִ֖יר

H5493

took away

to turn off (literally or figuratively)

#15

יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ

H2977

Josiah

joshijah, the name of two israelites

#16

עָשָׂ֖ה

H6213

and did

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

#17

לָהֶ֔ם

H1992

they (only used when emphatic)

#18

כְּכָל

H3605

properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)

#19

הַֽמַּעֲשִׂ֔ים

H4639

to them according to all the acts

an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction; abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically, a poem) or (generally) property

#20

אֲשֶׁ֥ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#21

עָשָׂ֖ה

H6213

and did

to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application

#22

בְּבֵֽית

#23

אֵֽל׃

H1008

in Bethel

beth-el, a place in palestine

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Kings Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

How does the salvation theme in this verse connect to the overarching narrative of Scripture, and what does this reveal about God's character and purposes?
How does this verse's literary context within 2 Kings chapter 23 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
What systematic theological implications arise from this verse's treatment of salvation, and how does it contribute to a biblical theology of soteriology and the doctrine of salvation?

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